In contrast to traditional approaches to fracture risk assessment using clinical risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD), a new technique, Bone Score, permits direct assessment of bone tissue. Bone Score measurements discriminate patients with a fragility fracture from controls. Bone Scores are lower for osteoporotic fracture patients than controls (p < 0.001), which persisted with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and height (p < 0.001).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235931
J Bone Miner Res. 2016 Jan;31(1):196-203. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2605. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Low Bone Scores are associated with increased risk of all osteoporotic fractures and the severity of vertebral fractures.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28246929
Calcif Tissue Int. 2017 Jul;101(1):34-42. doi: 10.1007/s00223-017-0256-5. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
Lower Bone Scores are associated with increased risk of distal radius fracture, and remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, age and BMI, and age, BMI, and FN BMD (OR = 1.48 to 1.55). Lower Bone Scores tended to be associated with hip fracture, but only reached borderline significance (unadjusted OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.01, p = 0.08). These results provide strong rationale for future investigations aimed at assessing whether BMSi can predict fracture in prospective studies and improve identification of women at risk for fragility fractures.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29115684
J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Apr;33(4):621-626. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3338. Epub 2017 Dec 5.
Bone Scores were lower in patients with a fragility fracture compared with nonfracture patients despite similar BMD. Bone Scores were comparable in patients with a fragility fracture whether they had osteopenia or osteoporosis. In patients with osteopenia, Bone Scores were significantly lower in fracture patients than in nonfracture patients.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25768670
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 May;100(5):2039-45. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-4346. Epub 2015 Mar 13.